The Uncertainty Principle, Light Particles

www.encognitive.com In quantum physics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is the statement that locating a particle in a small region of space makes the momentum of the particle uncertain; and conversely, that measuring the momentum of a particle precisely makes the position uncertain. In quantum mechanics, the position and momentum of particles do not have precise values, but have a probability distribution. There are no states in which a particle has both a definite position and a definite momentum. The narrower the probability distribution is in position, the wider it is in momentum. Physically, the uncertainty principle requires that when the position of an atom is measured with a photon, the reflected photon will change the momentum of the atom by an uncertain amount inversely proportional to the accuracy of the position measurement. The amount of uncertainty can never be reduced below the limit set by the principle, regardless of the experimental setup. A mathematical statement of the principle is that every quantum state has the property that the root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the position from its mean (the standard deviation of the X-distribution) \Delta X = \sqrt{\langle X^2 \rangle-\langle X \rangle ^2 } \, times the RMS deviation of the momentum from its mean (the standard deviation of P): \Delta P = \sqrt{\langle P^2 \rangle-\langle P \rangle ^2} \, can never be smaller than a small fixed multiple of Planck’s constant: \Delta X \Delta P \ge {\hbar

(October 12, 2009) Leonard Susskind gives the first lecture of a three-quarter sequence of courses that will explore the new revolutions in particle physics. In this lecture he explores light, particles and quantum field theory. Leonard Susskind, Felix Bloch Professor of Physics, received a PhD from Cornell University and has taught at Stanford since 1979. He has won both the Pregel Award from the New York Academy of Science and the JJ Sakurai Prize in theoretical particle physics. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Stanford University: www.stanford.edu Stanford Continuing Studies Program csp.stanford.edu Stanford University Channel on YouTube: www.youtube.com
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50 Responses to “The Uncertainty Principle, Light Particles”

  1. nickharvey7 says:

    This is an invitation to see an artist theory on the physics of light and time!
    This theory is based on two postulates
    1. Is that the quantum wave particle function Ψ represents the forward passage of time ∆E ∆t ≥ h/2π itself
    2. Is that Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆p×≥h/4π that is formed by the w- function is the same uncertainty we have with any future event that we can interact with turning the possible into the actual!

  2. XXbAtTLeSuitXX says:

    ded

  3. JaySmith91 says:

    Is that the guy that can draw dotted lines in 0.5 seconds? He’s awesome.

  4. 5eizur3 says:

    @murtsworld666 you just read my mind. fuck

  5. 7sevo7 says:

    MIT bro. Some of the comments here speak of god like a grumpy old man. Like they actually know what they are talkin’ ’bout.
    perhaps they got their ph.d. in bs

  6. tberrardy says:

    Thank you ‘Maplebayou1′ for taking the time to respond. This is a fascinating subject and I have a lot to learn about it. Learning about it is the fun part!

  7. mignik01 says:

    @maplebayou1 ya it comes from einsteins equation E^2= m^2 c^4 + p^2c^2
    rearrange it and substitute m=0 you will get p=E/c. I might have got it wrong the first time. sorry.

  8. maplebayou1 says:

    @mignik01 The momentum of a photon is not a function of its velocity, but its wavelength. All photons (visible and invisible) have the same velocity in a vacuum, but not the same momentum.

  9. maplebayou1 says:

    @tberrardy The uncertainty principle applies photons, atoms, and people. The difference is that the uncertainties become vanishingly small as you move to larger objects. It is important to realize that the uncertainty principle does not prevent you from measuring the position of an object to arbitrary precision. It merely shows that to do so you would need arbitrarily high energy, and to the degree that you manage it, you will lose precision on forecasting its future position.

  10. jola456 says:

    nerrerrerr

  11. mignik01 says:

    @tberrardy well i don’t know much but i think of the experiment this way. heisenberg’s principle states that the position and the momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously. the more accurate the measurement of momentum is, the less accurate the measurement of position will be. here we know the velocity of the laser beam. so we know the momentum. because of that, it will now show its exact position and spreads across horizontally.

  12. lookatmepleasesir says:

    @murtsworld666 thats right, don’t think, just reproduce

  13. 19Gui86 says:

    but why does it become wider?

  14. tberrardy says:

    ‘…the position of an (atom) is measured by a photon….’? I thought that the ‘uncertainty principle’ was about the the limitations of simultaneously measuring the location/velocity of fundamental particles/waves such as electrons or photons! I respectfully request clarification re: does it apply to atoms as well? Thanks, TB

  15. steveseason says:

    How did this discussion become about God? This is about the Light Particles, not God.

  16. Darkfoster22 says:

    lol you think I all ways been a christian. Matter of fact I hated them for most of my life. There is more to God then light of the big bang. explosion of love like a nuke yes, does not show up all people. God is all around him lol

  17. plaxam says:

    im not so sure if god was in his heart if he would see him there. maybe if he.. touched him? the way a man.. touches a boy. maybe he will cum inside him and then there would be an explosion of love.

    its funny how scientists will one day be able to understand the moment of creation. and the only way a christian will be able to see it is if he becomes a scientist. god said, let there be light. and this man understood.

  18. Darkfoster22 says:

    @plaxam
    He would miss God if He was in his face. Laugh
    But he will start to think if God showed up in this heart.

  19. HobbsieBoy says:

    yeah its the interference pattern thats the important bit

  20. djheadrush says:

    Seems misleading to not mention the “interference pattern” (which he blurs in the results).  Interference patters are not “non-intuitive” at all.

  21. neil1337 says:

    Just because something is non-intuitive doesn’t make it relevant to god, (even though religious people are used to associating non-intuitive shit with religion)!

  22. allenepope says:

    I believe what this proves is that at increasingly smaller levels the position of any given particle becomes more difficult to predict. Hence when the beam becomes more focused, the possibility of the light landing at any particular spot on the wall becomes lower thus the beam becomes more spread.

  23. ThisIsRysta says:

    I SECOND THAT!!!!

  24. plaxam says:

    this man knows more about god then any christian.

  25. lolgepwnt says:

    For just a second, I was convinced that the presenter was Christopher Walken

  26. pgb2323 says:

    For a simple pictorial introduction to particle physics try the book ” High Energy Particle Physics: A concise guide for beginners” available from Lulu.com

  27. jgrant142142 says:

    It’s great to revisit Stanford.

  28. deyomash says:

    planck’s constant is not h-bar,
    plancks constant is h
    h bar is the reduced plancks constant which is h/2pi

  29. deyomash says:

    @teenageguruz I feel like being Susskind.

  30. DrGregoryHouse100 says:

    @mrpdiddy1able Well, it does say “Basic” in the title.

  31. henrywiltcher says:

    @mrpdiddy1able Basic like your grasp of English grammar!

  32. dennymac12 says:

    @CorelliCollective to me, and everyone like me. I am THRILLED to find this online. In my humble opinion, a search for answers is eternal. I considered not taking my time to reply. Thinking, it is my time im wasting. However im curious now as to why, such an intelligent person, would waste his time mocking one that shares knowledge ? You should be gracing the world with your answers.

  33. dennymac12 says:

    @CorelliCollective to me, and everyone like me. I am THRILLED to find this online. In my humble opinion, a search for answers is eternal. I considered not taking my time to reply. Thinking, it is my time im wasting. However im curious now as to why, such an intelligent person, would waste his time mocking one that shares knowledge ? You should be gracing the world with your answers.

  34. mostunlikely says:

    @mrpdiddy1able
    well then… congratulations! aren’t you an amazing little prodigy

  35. CorelliCollective says:

    Oh my….who is he giving this lecture to? Poor Leonard, some of the questions you hear just show those folks have not even the vaguest idea of what he’s talking about….. he’s a really patient and humble professor, in spite of his being a genius and a monument of modern physics.

  36. ThorkilKowalski says:

    c=2.99792458e8m/s, not 2.99762458e8m/s :)

  37. mrpdiddy1able says:

    iam only 15 and i think this is basic

  38. cunnidvd says:

    Stanford rocks

  39. RAghavmulpuru says:

    He does a really good job explaining theoretical physics. But being such a good teacher he shoudnt have approximated 1/1837 to 1/2000 while comparing the mass to electron to that of a proton

  40. aqouby says:

    This man is ridiculous, I love everything about him. Not only does he have amazing intelligence and a very simple way of portraying his ideas, but he is funny and honest and– And damnit, the man fought Hawking and won, in a ways. He’s one of this centuries great theoretical physicists. Just wanted to give my 2 cents.

  41. TPSHelp says:

    I love it how he just randomly eats.. such Stanford standards.

  42. csmcmillion says:

    @einsteindrieu > to teach him Time machine and Anti gravity knowledge

    major facepalm

  43. csmcmillion says:

    “QM is a subtle and difficult subject. Yet, in his QM series, he said “Everything in QM is easy”.

  44. einsteindrieu says:

    I’d like to talk to Leonard about Time & Gravity/Anti Gravity-, to teach him Time machine and Anti gravity knowledge . It would be interesting to see his knowledge,ideals ,thoughts on my knowledge in this area & my Papers on Einsteins E =MC2,LOT OF PAPERS

  45. 7itanium452112 says:

    @universalsailor Exactly, I’m not sure where i read this, but the quote goes something like this.”If your theory can’t explain something in basic words, then it’s not much of a theory.”

  46. LiamDaLemon says:

    He pisses me off…

  47. universalsailor says:

    I’ll tell you what I like about Lenny: he keeps it as simple as it can possibly be kept. For him there’s none of that deliberatey jargon-drenching, I’m-smarter-than-you crap that marks out the lesser mind. He loves the subject. He keeps it simple because he has to think about it and, in that, simplicity is always going to be his friend. He really likes to tell people about what he’s been thinking about, and he can spot a fool at fifty paces. Great shows, Maestro.

  48. Garrincha2014 says:

    @naruto2710 I don’t think he can’t use it, but he doesn’t want to. The internet really wastes a lot of your time, especially for us physicists which must study all the time for their research. It is a good source of information but a good source of misinformation and distraction too. Unfortunattely, I’ve been caught too. These lectures aren’t that bad though, it does resemble the ideas we study.

  49. naruto2710 says:

    so funny. here’s a guy who understands particle physics and the profound fundamentals of our universe and yet… he can’t use the internet. (something most 13-yr-olds could do)

  50. mountain1212 says:

    i wasted $25 on an audio book

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